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    • 专利摘要:
    This nebulizing device comprises a liquid receiving tank (60), a piezoelectric element (30), a nebulizing chamber (20) comprising means for generating said mist of droplets (J) and at least one channel (22). ) fog diffusion out of said device (1), the air and jet of droplets flowing in service in the same direction, from the arrival means towards the diffusion means. According to the invention the device comprises at least one of the following characteristics: i. the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 3 and 15 millimeters, ii. the height (H23) of the drop diffusion duct, connecting the admission means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 4 and 20 millimeters, iii. the ratio (S82 / S21) between the air intake area in the chamber and the sum of the surfaces of the different diffusion orifices (21) is greater than 1, iv. the length (L20) of the nebulizing chamber (20) is between 30 and 160 millimeters, while the width (I20) of the nebulizing chamber (20) is between 16 and 60 millimeters.
    公开号:FR3064503A1
    申请号:FR1851898
    申请日:2018-03-06
    公开日:2018-10-05
    发明作者:Michel Gschwind；Abbas Sabroui；Frederic Richard
    申请人:Areco Finances et Technologie ARFITEC SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical field of the invention
    The invention relates to the technical field of nebulizing devices, also called spraying devices, capable of producing a mist of microdroplets from a liquid. The droplets are typically generated by a piezoelectric element. Within the meaning of the invention, the droplets generated by the nebulization device have a size less than 50 micrometers, in particular 5 micrometers.
    State of the art
    Numerous devices are known for spraying micro-droplets of a liquid under the effect of ultrasound. The ultrasound is generated by a piezoelectric element. These devices use either a microperforated membrane or a piezoelectric element with or without a concentration nozzle. The size of the droplets generated by these devices is typically between 1 to 10 μm.
    Numerous types of spraying devices using a microperforated membrane are known in the literature. Such devices are described for example in documents WO 2013/110248 (Nebu Tec), WO 2012/020262 and WO 05/15822 (Technology Partnership), EP 2 244 314 (Zobele Holding), US 2006/213503 and US 2005 / 224076 (Pari Pharma), WO 2001/85240 (Pezzopane), FR 2 929 861 (L'Oréal), US 8 870 090 (Aptar), WO 2008/058941 (Telemaq), JP 2001/300375 (Panasonic). Some of them are very simple and fairly compact, but as a rule devices using a membrane have a very low flow rate, that is to say, they produce a very small amount of mist. Their lifespan is quite limited (often less than 1000 hours). This may be suitable for some uses (for example, to diffuse scents in a room), but not for others. Furthermore, these devices require careful maintenance because the membrane may clog; in this context the quality of water (limestone, filtered, pH, water temperature) is important. These systems are also relatively sensitive to the water pressure above the membrane and the air pressure in the diffusion volume; water leakage problems may appear. This lack of robustness of the devices using a perforated membrane can limit their interest for certain types of applications, in particular industrial and especially products intended for the general public (fridge, electric cellar), which require a long lifespan (of the order from 5 to 10 years) and for which complex and frequent maintenance procedures are not possible.
    There are also known spraying devices using a tank provided with a concentration nozzle and a piezoelectric element, as described for example in documents EP 0 691 162 A1 and EP 0 782 885 A1 (IMRA Europe). These devices are very reliable and are commonly used to humidify and refresh fresh products on sales stalls, as described in documents FR 2 899 135 A1, FR2 921 551 A1, WO 2014/023907 A1, WO 2013/034847 A1 ( ARECO), FR 2 690 510 A1 (Techsonic). Their flow is important and suitable for many technical and industrial uses; in return, their electrical consumption is significant (around 10 to 70 W per piezoelectric element). Having no perforated membranes, these devices are not likely to be disturbed in their operation by clogging problems; they have a lifespan of 5000 hours on average. On the other hand, these devices have a certain size which is mainly related to the thickness of water necessary for the proper functioning of the piezoelectric element (generally from 20 to 35 mm), to the diameter of the piezoelectric element, and also at the height of the diffusion chamber necessary for the creation of an almost vertical and very powerful acoustic jet (generally from 40 to 100 mm).
    There are devices whose efficiency "water flow / electrical power" has been optimized. These systems are generally equipped with nozzles acting as concentrators of the acoustic waves generated by the piezoelectric element working at very high frequency (of the order of a few MHz), a water circulation pump, a sensor water level, fan and specific power supply. The integration of all these elements in a small volume remains a blocking point for many applications which require a very efficient system (flow / electrical power ratio) and very reliable (especially the piezoelectric element, the water level sensor, fan, pump, high frequency generators).
    Attempts to miniaturize these devices come up against the need to keep the active face of the piezoelectric element permanently covered with a layer of water thick enough to avoid excessive heating. Furthermore, the focusing of ultrasound by the nozzle can be done effectively only in a liquid and over a certain length of path traveled by the acoustic waves in the liquid medium. For these reasons, a minimum thickness of water of the order of 20 to 35 mm is necessary in the devices according to the state of the art; this thickness depends somewhat on the diameter of the piezoelectric element and the electrical power it absorbs.
    In any case, even in a miniaturized system of this type, the presence of a water circulation pump and a fan adds to the power consumption of the piezoelectric element.
    An objective that the present invention seeks to achieve is to provide a miniaturized nebulization device, in particular of very low height, while having a high flow rate and a low electrical consumption.
    Another objective that the present invention seeks to achieve is to provide such a nebulization device which is very reliable, in particular which does not present a substantial risk of clogging.
    Another objective that the present invention seeks to achieve is to propose such a nebulization device which does not need frequent maintenance,
    Objects of the invention
    According to the invention, at least one of the above objectives is achieved by at least one of the main objects of the invention.
    A first main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    - a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) at least one channel (22) for diffusing mist outside said device (1 ), having a downstream diffusion orifice (21), said device further comprising at least one of the following characteristics i) to iv):
    i) the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 millimeters, more preferably between 4 and 10 millimeters, in particular close to 6 millimeters;
    ii) the height (H23) of the drop diffusion conduit, connecting the intake means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 2 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 4 and 20 millimeters, again of preferably between 8 and 12 millimeters, in particular around 12 millimeters;
    iii) the ratio (S82 / S21), between the air intake surface in the chamber and the sum of the surfaces of the various diffusion orifices (21), is greater than 1, in particular greater than 3, preferably greater than 10;
    iv) the length (L20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 10 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 30 and 160 millimeters, more preferably between 30 and 100 millimeters, especially close to 90 millimeters, while the width (I20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 5 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 16 and 60 millimeters, more preferably between 16 and 30 millimeters, in particular close to 30 millimeters.
    A second main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) means (21) for diffusing mist outside said device (1), said device further comprising
    - measuring means able to measure a parameter representative of the current consumed by the piezoelectric element
    - alert means, capable of being activated in response to said measurement means, when the instantaneous value of said representative parameter is outside a predetermined range, the bottom (20 ′) of the nebulization chamber (20) being located at an altitude higher than that of the bottom (60 ') of the tank (60) for receiving said liquid.
    A third main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) means (21) for diffusing mist outside said device (1), the greatest height (H1) of the device being less is less than 100 mm, preferably less than 50 mm, and even more preferably less than 10 mm.
    A fourth main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) means (21) for diffusing mist outside said device (1), said device further comprising means (122, 123; 126, 127) for controlling the level of liquid in said tank.
    A fifth main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) means (21) for diffusing mist outside said device (1), said device further comprising
    a substantially closed box (151), said tank and said nebulization chamber being provided in this box,
    - the ratio (S60 / S151) between the surface of the tank (60) and the surface of the box (151) being greater than 5, in particular than 10.
    A sixth main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) means (21) for diffusing mist outside said device (1), said device further comprising
    a substantially closed box (151), said tank and said nebulization chamber being provided in this box,
    - Said box further comprising a veil (10) for separation between this tank and this nebulization chamber, this veil extending between said side walls and having a passage (11), allowing the flow of liquid from the tank to the nebulization chamber.
    A seventh main object of the invention is a nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) means (21) for diffusing mist outside said device (1), said device further comprising
    a substantially closed box (151), said tank and said nebulization chamber being provided in this box,
    a pad (111), located outside the box, this pad being equipped with at least one auxiliary member, in particular a fan (131) and / or an electronic control card (141), fixed on said pad, especially removably.
    According to other additional characteristics of the device of the invention:
    a1) the device comprises at least the following two characteristics i) and ii):
    i) the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 millimeters, more preferably between 4 and 10 millimeters, in particular close to 6 millimeters;
    ii) the height (H23) of the drop diffusion conduit, connecting the intake means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 2 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 4 and 20 millimeters, again of preferably between 8 and 12 millimeters, in particular around 12 millimeters.
    a2) the device includes the following four characteristics i) to iv):
    i) the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 millimeters, more preferably between 4 and 10 millimeters, in particular close to 6 millimeters;
    ii) the height (H23) of the drop diffusion conduit, connecting the intake means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 2 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 4 and 20 millimeters, again of preferably between 8 and 12 millimeters, in particular around 12 millimeters;
    iii) the ratio (S82 / S21), between the air intake surface in the chamber and the sum of the surfaces of the various diffusion orifices (21), is greater than 1, in particular greater than 3, preferably greater than 10;
    iv) the length (L20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 10 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 30 and 160 millimeters, more preferably between 30 and 100 millimeters, especially close to 90 millimeters, while the width (I20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 5 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 16 and 60 millimeters, preferably between 16 and 30 millimeters, in particular close to 30 millimeters.
    a3) the device further comprises means (50; 430 '; 530') for focusing the acoustic waves emitted by said piezoelectric element (30) on a focal area (PF) to create a jet of said mist of droplets (J ).
    a4) the device further comprises the following characteristic v):
    v) the smallest distance (D22), along the horizontal axis, between the focal zone (PF) and the upstream outlet of the diffusion channel (22), adjacent to this focal point, is between 2 and 300 millimeters, in particular between 5 and 60 millimeters, preferably between 10 and 30 millimeters, in particular close to 20 millimeters.
    a5) the focusing means comprise an acoustic reflection member (50) comprising an acoustic reflection surface (51) intended to be immersed in said liquid (L), this surface being able to focus said acoustic waves.
    a6) the focusing means comprise a curved active surface (430 ’; 530’) of the piezoelectric element (430; 530).
    b) the greatest height (H1) of the device is less than 100 millimeters, in particular 50 millimeters, preferably 30 millimeters b ') the ratio (S60 / S151) between the surface of the tank (60) and the surface of the box (151) is greater than 5, in particular greater than 10.
    c) the bottom (20j of the nebulization chamber (20) is located at an altitude higher than that of the bottom (60 ’) of the tank (60) for receiving said liquid.
    c ’) the device comprises a substantially closed box (151), said tank and said nebulization chamber being formed in this box.
    d) the device further comprises a track (111), located outside the box, this track being equipped with at least one auxiliary member, in particular a fan (131) and / or an electronic control card (141) , fixed on said range, in particular removably.
    d ’) the deck is hollowed out with at least one air passage slot (111’), and a drawer (112) is provided capable of sealing off all or part of the slot (s).
    e) the device comprises a shoulder (8, 108) delimiting a wider part (151A) and a narrower part (151 B), the fixing area (111) extending opposite the shoulder, along the narrower part.
    e ’) said box is bordered by a bottom (2), an upper wall (102) and side walls (103-109), the bottom and the upper wall being planar.
    f) the device comprises a base (1) and a cover (101) capable of being fixed, in particular removably, on this base, this base and this cover delimiting said box.
    f ’) the piezoelectric element (30) is received, in particular removably, in an opening (81) formed in a side wall of the box.
    g) the device further comprises a veil (10) for separation between the tank and the nebulization chamber, this veil having a passage (11), allowing the liquid to flow from the tank to the nebulization chamber.
    g ’) the maximum height (Lmax) of liquid in the chamber (20) is less than 20 millimeters, in particular 18 millimeters, preferably 15 millimeters.
    h) the device further comprises a deflector (43) of the mist jet (BR).
    h ’) the deflector forms said separation means between the air and the jet of droplets.
    j) the deflector (43) belongs to an insert (40), capable of being fixed in particular removably on the web (10) and / or the side walls of the box.
    j ') the deflector (43) defines a so-called upstream zone (20') of the nebulization chamber (20), in which the deflector makes it possible to avoid contact of the jet (J) with the air coming from outside of the box (151).
    k) the air intake means comprise at least one air intake (44), defined by the facing walls belonging respectively, on the one hand to the deflector and, on the other hand, to the separation web and / or in the box.
    k ’) the tank forms a zone of accumulation (60A) of liquid by gravity, located opposite the passage (11).
    l) the area of liquid accumulation by gravity is bordered by at least one liquid flow area by gravity, the bottom of which is formed by a ramp (62, 63).
    I ') the air and the jet of droplets flow in service in a first direction, from the inlet means towards the diffusion means, while the jet of droplets flows in the diffusion channels according to a second direction, different from the first direction, the first direction being notably horizontal while the second direction is notably vertical.
    m) the device does not have a fan.
    m ’) the device further comprises means (122, 123; 126, 127) for controlling the level of liquid in said tank.
    n) the means (122, 123; 126, 127) for controlling the level of liquid in the tank are visual control means, and in particular comprise at least one line (122, 123) formed on a transparent wall (107) of the device, corresponding to a predetermined minimum and / or maximum level (s) of liquid in the tank.
    n ') the means (126, 127) for controlling the level of liquid in the tank are mechanical control means and in particular comprise a valve (126) mounted floating on the surface of the liquid, this valve being movable between a first functional position , in which it authorizes the filling of the tank (60), and a second functional position, in which it prohibits the filling of the tank (60).
    o) the device further comprises:
    - measuring means able to measure a parameter representative of the current consumed by the piezoelectric element
    - alert means, capable of being activated in response to said measurement means, when the instantaneous value of said representative parameter is outside a predetermined range, o ') the device further comprises first control means, specific activating means of liquid arrival in the tank, in response to said alert means.
    p) the device further comprises second control means, capable of activating means for stopping the piezoelectric element, in response to said alert means.
    p ’) the device further comprises at least one alert device, capable of emitting at least one signal perceptible by a user, in response to said alert means.
    q) the liquid supply means comprise a solenoid valve.
    The additional characteristics a1), a2), ..., q), listed above, can be implemented with one or other of the main objects above, individually or in any combination, technically compatible.
    The invention also relates to a nebulization assembly comprising an interior volume bordered by walls, in which at least one notch is formed in at least one wall, this assembly comprising at least one device as above, this device resting on a rim bordering said notch, the means (21) of mist diffusion of this device being placed in said notch.
    According to other additional features of the invention:
    - The nebulization assembly has a height (H2) less than 100 mm, preferably less than 50 mm, and even more preferably less than 10 mm
    - The nebulization assembly comprises a receptacle (201) and a cover (301) capable of being fixed, in particular removably, on this receptacle, this receptacle (201) and this cover (301) delimiting said interior volume for receiving the nebulization device.
    The subject of the invention is also a structural or covering piece, in particular a double wall of a maturing cellar, for example for cheeses, meats, leathers, or a refrigerated display case for humidity control, an upper covering of a refrigeration and / or humidification enclosure for fresh products, of the container, tank, fresh product storage cabinet or even cold room type, a covering of the ceiling of the passenger compartment of a vehicle, in particular a car, a bus or an airplane, to cool the passengers, a false ceiling used in mechanical engineering, or even a ceiling or shelving of a transport container, this structural or cladding part comprising at least one nebulization assembly as above.
    Figures
    Figures 1 to 33 illustrate an embodiment of a nebulization device according to the invention.
    Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the various components of the nebulization device according to the invention.
    Figure 2 is a perspective view, similar to Figure 1, illustrating the nebulization device according to the invention, in its assembled configuration.
    Figure 3 is a top view of the nebulization device according to the invention.
    FIG. 4 is a view in longitudinal section of the nebulization device according to the invention, along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2.
    Figure 5 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, illustrating more particularly the nebulization chamber belonging to the nebulization device according to the invention.
    Figure 6 is a perspective view, similar to Figure 5, illustrating the nebulization chamber of this Figure 5, as well as an insert forming a deflector, attached to the walls of this chamber.
    Figure 7 is a perspective view, with cutaway in a longitudinal section, illustrating the implementation of the nebulization device according to the invention.
    Figures 8 and 9 are sectional views on a larger scale, illustrating more particularly the implementation of the nebulization chamber of the nebulization device according to the invention.
    FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view, illustrating the integration of the nebulization device according to the invention within a nebulization assembly.
    FIG. 11 is a perspective view, illustrating more particularly a flap belonging to the nebulization assembly of FIG. 10.
    Figure 12 is a perspective view, similar to Figure 10, illustrating this nebulization assembly in its assembled configuration.
    FIG. 13 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, illustrating more particularly the detail XIII of FIG. 12.
    Figure 14 is a cutaway perspective view, similar to Figure 7, illustrating a variant of the invention in which the nebulization device is devoid of a deflector.
    FIGS. 15 and 16 are sectional views similar to FIGS. 8 and 9, illustrating the implementation of the nebulization chamber of the nebulization device according to FIG. 14.
    Figures 17 to 19 are schematic views illustrating three stages of the implementation of a nebulization device according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, which does not have a liquid sensor.
    FIG. 20 is a graph illustrating the variations of the current consumed by the piezoelectric element belonging to the device according to FIGS. 17 to 19, as a function of the voltage applied across the terminals of this element, for each of the three levels of liquid in these figures 17 to 19.
    FIG. 21 is a schematic view illustrating certain control members of the piezoelectric element belonging to the device according to FIGS. 17 to 20.
    FIG. 22 is a schematic view, illustrating in more detail certain other control members of the piezoelectric element belonging to the device according to FIGS. 17 to 21.
    FIG. 23 is an electronic diagram of the device according to FIGS. 17 to 22.
    Figure 24 is a graph illustrating the variation of the current consumed by the piezoelectric element of the device according to Figures 17 to 23, depending on the filling level of the container.
    FIG. 25 is a perspective view with cutaway in a longitudinal section, similar to FIG. 7, illustrating the bottom of the tank and the bottom of the nebulization chamber of the device of FIGS. 17 to 24.
    FIG. 26 is a view in longitudinal section, similar to FIG. 4, illustrating from another angle the bottom of the tank and the bottom of the nebulization chamber of the device of FIG. 25.
    Figure 27 is a perspective view, on a large scale, illustrating means of visual control of the liquid level, belonging to a nebulization device according to another alternative embodiment of the invention.
    Figures 28 and 29 are views in longitudinal section, illustrating two functional positions of a closure valve, belonging to a nebulization device according to yet another alternative embodiment of the invention.
    Figures 30 and 31 are sectional views similar to Figure 15, illustrating two alternative embodiments of the nebulization device of the invention, which do not use an acoustic concentrator but whose piezoelectric element is focused.
    Figures 32 and 33 are sectional views similar to Figure 15, illustrating two alternative embodiments of the nebulization device of the invention, which do not use an acoustic concentrator and whose piezoelectric element is not focused.
    List of references used in the figures:
    I Device according to the invention XX Axis YY Axis ZZ Axis 1 Sub-base 2 Background of 1 1A Median region of 1 1B, 1C End regions of 1 3 Main side wall 4A, 4B Front walls 5.6.7 Secondary side walls 8.9 Shoulders 10 Sail 81 Opening in 8 82 Notch in 8 11 Passage in 10 12 Headband 13 Ribs 20 Nebulization chamber 21 20 holes 22 Drainage channels 20A Upstream area of 20 23 Diffusion duct H23 Height of 23 L20, I20 Length and width of 20 20 ’ Background of 20 30 Piezoelectric element 30' Active area of 30 30A Submerged area of 30 30B 30 ’non-submerged area H30 Height of 30 40 Insert 41 Cap of 40 42 Tabs of 41 43 Deflector 44 Air intakes 50 Acoustic concentrator PF Focal point 51 Reflection area of 50 60 Tank 60 ’ Background of 60 H60 Height of 60 61 ’ Base of 60 61 Flat 60 60A Accumulation area of 60 62.63 Ramps 64 Legs of 63
    L Liquid to be nebulized H11 Height of 11 Lmax Maximum liquid height hF Focal point depth DF Distance between PF and 30 ’ OF Distance between 30 ’and 51 BR Fog J Spray of droplets AIR Air D22 Distance from 22 to PF 101 Hood 101A Median region of 101 101B.101C End regions of 101 102 Top wall of 101 103 Main side wall 104A.104B Front walls 105,106,107 Secondary side walls 108,109 Shoulders 111 Beach 111 ’ 111 slots 112 Drawer 113 Fingers 114 Lugs 121 Hatch 122.1123 Low and high lines on 107 124 Guide block 126 Valve 127 Seal 128 Flange 131 Fan 141 Electronic card 151 Box 151A Median region of 101 151 B.151C End regions of 101 II Together according to the invention 201 II receptacle 202 Background 203 Side walls of 201 204 Notch of 201 205 Flange 301 II cover 302 Shutter L1, I1, H1 Dimensions of I L2, I2, H2 Dimensions of II Hopt Optimal height Hint Intermediate height AT Angle of 21 lopt Amperageoptimal lint Amperageintermediate lcrit Critical current VS Regulation system E Solenoid valve 100 Menu 120140 DriverAdaptation circuit 130 Transistor 180 Power module 190 Electronic card 200 Microcontroller 210 Input module 220 Output module 230 Sub set 240 190 module 250 Control element 260 Current information 270 Information on thetemperature 420 Nebulization chamber 432 Sloping wall a432 Angle of 432 430 Piezoelectric element 430 ’ Active face of 430 482 Notch 520 Nebulization chamber 501A 520 background 530 Piezoelectric element 530 ’ Active face of 530 620 Nebulization chamber 632 Sloping wall 630 Piezoelectric element 682 Notch 720 Nebulization chamber 701A 720 background 730 Piezoelectric element 730 ’ Active face of 530
    detailed description
    The nebulization device according to the invention, which is designated as a whole by the reference I, has a generally parallelepiped shape. In the various figures, it is assumed that it is in a horizontal position. As will be described in more detail below, its two dimensions along the axes XX and YY of the horizontal plane, are much greater than its dimension along the vertical axis ZZ. This device according to the invention is advantageously made of a moldable material, in particular of a plastic material such as for example polyethylene, ABS or PVC.
    The nebulization device I essentially comprises a base, designated as a whole by the reference 1, as well as a cover designated as a whole by the reference 101. The base, which consists of a bottom 2 from which s' extend from surrounding perimeter walls, has an approximately rectangular shape. It is divided into three regions, namely a middle region 1A, with reference to the longitudinal direction, as well as two end regions 1B and 1C, respectively a little wider and a little less wide than the aforementioned middle region. Consequently, the peripheral enclosure walls firstly comprise a so-called main side wall 3, extending over the entire length of the base, two opposite front walls 4A and 4B, as well as three so-called secondary side walls 5, 6 and 7, separated two by two by shoulders 8 and 9.
    The cover 101 has an approximately rectangular shape, similar to that of the base 1. It is therefore also divided into three regions, namely a middle region 101A, as well as two end regions 101B and 101C. Different peripheral enclosure walls extend downward from the upper wall 102 of this cover. Analogously to what has been described with reference to the base 1, the peripheral enclosure walls firstly comprise a so-called main side wall 103, two opposite front walls 104A and 104B, as well as three so-called secondary side walls 105, 106 and 107, separated two by two by shoulders 108 and 109.
    The mutual fixing of the cover to the base is carried out by any appropriate means. Preferably, this attachment is of the removable type, typically by elastic snap-fastening thanks to the properties of the plastic material constituting these mechanical elements. One can also provide a connection by screwing, crimping or gluing. When joined to each other, the base and the cover define a box 151, which divides into a middle region 151A, as well as two end regions 151B and 151C. This box 151 has a bottom wall, formed by the bottom 2 of the base, an upper wall formed by the wall 102 of the cover, as well as side walls formed by the enclosure walls 103 to 109 of the cover 101. The substantially closed interior volume of this box delimits, as will be seen below, a tank 60 for receiving liquid and a nebulization chamber 20, separated by an intermediate web 10.
    This veil of material 10 extends from the shoulder 8, substantially at its junction with the side wall 5, in the direction of the adjacent side wall 6. This veil defines, with this shoulder and this side wall, the above-mentioned nebulization. The shoulder 8 is first hollowed out, in its lower part, with an opening 81 (see in particular FIG. 8). This opening, forming a housing or groove, allows the reception of a piezoelectric element 30, of a type known per se. The fixing of this element on the walls of this opening is ensured by any suitable means. We prefer a removable fixing, by elastic snap. One can also provide a fixing by screwing, crimping or gluing. A simplest possible embodiment is preferred, to facilitate maintenance of the device.
    This shoulder 8 also has, at its upper end, a notch 82 (see in particular FIG. 9) allowing the arrival of air towards the chamber 20, as will be seen below. In the vicinity of the shoulder 8, the web 10 is hollowed out with a passage 11, surmounted by a strip 12, allowing the arrival of liquid as will be seen below. This veil is further provided with ribs 13 allowing the attachment of an insert 40, described below, which cooperate with complementary ribs 6’b, provided facing the side wall 6.
    Opposite the opening 81 for fixing the piezoelectric element 30, the bottom of the chamber 20 is pierced with several orifices 21, the function of which will appear on reading the following description. In the example illustrated, four holes are provided, placed one behind the other, in the longitudinal direction of the device. Alternatively, one can provide a different number and / or a different spatial distribution of these orifices. One can in particular provide another form of arrangement, in particular in the form of a matrix of holes, for example two by two or three by three. A respective vertical barrel, the height of which is less than that of the veil 10, extends from each orifice 21, so as to define channels 22 for the flow of fog.
    Between the opening 81 and the channels 22, the nebulization chamber is equipped with an acoustic reflection member 50, also known as a concentrator. This member is fixed to the bottom of the chamber by any suitable means, preferably removably by elastic snap-fastening, but also by screwing, crimping or gluing. The wall of this member, facing the piezoelectric element, defines an acoustic reflection surface 51. In an advantageous embodiment, this acoustic reflection surface 51 has a shape making it possible to focus the acoustic waves. It typically has a cap or dome shape and, preferably, a parabolic shape whose concavity is turned away from the piezoelectric element.
    The aforementioned insert 40 firstly comprises a horizontal cap 41, of tapered shape, intended to cover a portion of the nebulization chamber, opposite the shoulder 8. This cap 41 is provided with fixing tabs 42 , intended to cooperate with the ribs 12 and 61 described above. In the present embodiment, as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13, the cover 41 is extended by a deflector 43. In the example illustrated, this deflector has a substantially parabolic rounded shape, the free end of which protrudes downwards in the direction of the piezoelectric element 30. As a variant, this deflector may have different shapes, such as for example straight, curved or parabolic. Preferably, this shape should best follow the trajectory of the spray jet. The width of the deflector is less than that of the cap, so that the side walls of this deflector define, with the ribs facing, air intakes 44 in the direction of the nebulization chamber. As will be seen in the following with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16, the device according to the invention can be devoid of such a deflector.
    The bottom of the liquid receiving tank 60 first comprises a median flat 61, provided facing the passage 11, which defines a zone 60A of accumulation of liquid by gravity. On either side of this flat 61, forming a rib, the bottom of this tank 60 forms two ramps 62 and 63, allowing the liquid to flow by gravity, towards the aforementioned accumulation zone. The ramp 63 is equipped with lugs 64, allowing the fixing of the cover 101 by snap-fastening, screwing, crimping or gluing.
    The upper wall 102 of the cover 101 is equipped with a hatch 121, provided opposite the ramp 2C. This hatch, which provides access to the interior volume of the nebulization device I, allows a user to fill this interior volume with the liquid intended to be nebulized. The cover 101 further comprises a track 111, extending from the wall 105 and the shoulder 108. This track, of rectangular shape, is first of all pierced with slots 111 ’for air intake.
    In addition, a drawer 112, capable of being moved by a user, is slidably mounted along the bottom wall of this range. This drawer is capable of selectively closing all or part of the slots 11 T, so as to modify their effective cross-section of air passage. The track 111 is further provided with fingers 113, forming a housing, allowing the removable fixing of a fan 131, of any suitable type. As will be seen below, such a fan is however optional. The track 111 is finally equipped with lugs 114, allowing the removable fixing of an electronic control card 141, also of any suitable type. Advantageously, the card 141 is interposed between the fan and the chamber 20, so that it can be cooled in service by this fan. Preferably, the card is placed as close as possible to the piezoelectric element 30, in order to reduce the length of the connection wires between this card and this piezoelectric element 30.
    In the example illustrated, the nebulization device I is integrated into a nebulization assembly II according to the invention, which has a generally parallelepiped shape. This set II has dimensions slightly greater than those of the device I along the axes XX and ZZ, as well as a dimension substantially greater than that of the device I along the axis YY. This nebulization assembly II is advantageously made of a moldable material, in particular of a plastic material similar to that of the device I. As a variant not illustrated, the device can also be integrated between plastic or metal sheets, within a confined space.
    The nebulization assembly II essentially comprises a receptacle 201 and a cover 301, which form an interior volume for receiving the nebulization device I, as described above. The receptacle 201 consists of a bottom 202, from which extend peripheral enclosure walls 203. This bottom 202 is hollowed out by a notch 204, the dimensions of which along the axes XX and YY are slightly smaller than those of the device I. Consequently, as shown in particular in FIG. 13, the device I can bear, by its lower face, on the peripheral rim 205 bordering this notch.
    It is possible to provide positioning and / or fixing means, advantageously of the removable type, between this lower face and this rim. As shown in particular in Figures 12 and 13, the orifices 21 open out of the notch 204, so as to allow the nebulization of liquid through this notch. In addition, the drawer 112 is accessible to the user by this same notch (see FIG. 13), so as to allow easy adjustment of the air flow rate through the intake slots. Note that this is a non-limiting example of integration.
    The cover 301 is equipped with a flap 302, visible in particular in FIG. 11. This flap is arranged opposite the hatch, so as to allow easy access to the latter for a user. The mutual fixing of the cover 301 on the receptacle 201 is carried out by any suitable means. Preferably, this attachment is of the removable type, typically by elastic snap-fastening thanks to the properties of the plastic material constituting these mechanical elements. Alternatively, it can be fixed by screwing, crimping or gluing.
    The dimension along the axis XX, or length L1, of the device I is for example between 100 and 600 millimeters (mm), in particular close to 400 mm. Its dimension along the axis YY, or width 11, is for example between 40 and 600 millimeters (mm), in particular close to 100 mm. Advantageously, the dimension along the axis ZZ, or total height H1 of the device, is less than 100 mm, preferably less than 50 mm, and even more preferably less than 30 mm. These dimensions L1, 11 and H1 are visible in FIG. 10.
    The dimension along the axis XX, or length L2, of the assembly II is for example between 100 mm and 600 mm. Its dimension along the axis YY, or width I2, is for example between 100 and 600 mm. Advantageously, the dimension along the axis ZZ, or total height H2 of this assembly II, is less than 100 mm, preferably less than 50 mm, and even more preferably less than 10 mm. These dimensions L2, I2 and H2 are visible in Figure 12.
    According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the tank 60 occupies a major part of the total surface of the box. Consequently, this tank is capable of receiving a substantial volume of liquid, while having a limited height, which makes it possible to reduce the overall thickness of the device of the invention. As an indication, the ratio (S60 / S151) between the surface S60 of the tank 60 and the total surface S151 of the box 151 is greater than 5, in particular greater than 10.
    The implementation of the nebulization device and of the nebulization assembly in accordance with the invention, as described above, will now be explained in the following.
    The interior volume of the device I is first of all filled with the liquid L to be nebulized, successively through the flap 302 and the hatch 121. This liquid then flows into the nebulization chamber, through the passage 11. Advantageously, the bottom of the accumulation zone 60A and the bottom of the nebulization chamber 20 are located at the same altitude. This configuration is advantageous because it ensures the flow of all the liquid in the chamber. Advantageously, the maximum height of liquid in the chamber 20, denoted Lmax, is less than 20 mm, preferably less than 18 mm, and even more preferably less than 15 mm.
    The piezoelectric element 30 is arranged so that its active surface 30 'is at least partially covered with a thickness of liquid sufficient to ensure its cooling. The aforementioned active surface 30 ′ is that opposite the acoustic reflection member 50, as shown in FIG. 8. Preferably this active surface is substantially vertical, namely perpendicular to the surface SL of the liquid L. As a variant not shown, we can plan to orient this surface at a slight angle.
    The acoustic waves emitted by the active surface 30 'of the piezoelectric element are directed towards the interface between the liquid and the air, via the acoustic reflection surface 51. The distance between these surfaces 30' and 51 is sufficiently small, so as to avoid too great a divergence of the beam of acoustic waves. Typically a piezoelectric element usable in the device according to the invention has a near field (i.e. an area from the emitting surface where the wave beam is approximately parallel) of about 10 mm to 30 mm. One can for example use a piezoelectric element with a diameter of 10 mm, which allows the height Lmax to be reduced to less than 12 mm.
    The acoustic reflection surface 51 allows the focusing of the acoustic waves on a focal zone, preferably a focal point PF, which is located below the surface Lmax of the liquid, at a depth hF of the order of a few millimeters (see Figure 8) Advantageously the value of this depth hF is between 0 and 5 mm. It should be avoided that it is above the surface of the liquid, as this results in a significant drop in the mist output. However, the device according to the invention can operate in this non-optimal configuration. It is preferred that the focal point is at a depth of at least 0.5 mm, and even more preferably at least 1 mm; this gives a good yield while ensuring good stability of the operating conditions. A depth between 1 mm and 3 mm is generally optimal.
    As shown in FIG. 8, the focal distance DF between the focal point PF and the emitting surface 30 ’of the piezoelectric element 30 is advantageously between 8 to 28 mm. The distance DE between this emitting surface 30 ′ and the acoustic reflection surface 51, measured at the level of the surface of the liquid, is advantageously between 10 mm and 30 mm (knowing that DE is greater than DF). It is typically located in the near field of said piezoelectric element. The frequency is advantageously between 1 MHz and 5 MHz, for example 3 MHz. The reflecting surface 51 must have a high impedance contrast which makes it possible to produce a very efficient acoustic mirror (i.e. a mirror reflecting almost all of the acoustic energy); it is preferably made of metal.
    There is created from the surface of the liquid a jet of droplets J here called “primary nebulization jet”. As shown in particular in FIG. 8, this jet has a roughly parabolic shape, generally parallel to that of the deflector 43. The latter therefore performs a double function of guiding and protecting the jet J. Furthermore, the lower surface of this deflector 43 eliminates at least part of the large droplets, initially present in the jet J.
    According to a first implementation variant, substantially simultaneously with the creation of the jet J, the fan 131 is activated so as to create an air flow materialized by the reference AIR in FIGS. 4, 7, 8 and 9. This air flow flows successively through the notch 82 then the inlets 44, before coming into contact with the jet J. This contacting leads to the creation of a mist, noted BR in the figures. 7 and 8, which flows into the nebulization chamber and is then distributed outside the device, via the outlet orifices 21.
    However, according to a second advantageous variant of implementation, the use of a fan is optional. Indeed, the air flow which flows in the chamber 20 can also be generated by simple suction, the air located below the deflector 43 being entrained towards the diffusion orifices under the effect of the spray jet properly said. In this case, we speak of a "natural" air flow, the speed of which is generally lower than that of an air flow generated by means of a fan.
    During the implementation of this second variant, the ultrasonic energy generated by the element 30 is transformed, in part, into mechanical energy for driving the drops of fog. In order to ensure that substantially all of these drops are diffused outside the device, it is advantageous to assign ranges of predefined values to certain characteristic dimensions of the device, namely:
    i) denotes d21 the section of each orifice 21, typically its diameter in the preferred case where this orifice is circular. This section d21 is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 mm, more preferably between 4 and 10 mm, in particular close to 6 millimeters.
    ii) in FIG. 8, the droplet diffusion conduit 23 is noted, connecting the inlet notch 82 and the diffusion channels 22. In this figure, H23 is also noted the height of this conduit, namely the difference altitude between the maximum level of liquid (which corresponds to the height of the passage 11) and the upper wall of the chamber 20. This height H23 is between 2 and 100 mm, preferably between 4 and 20 mm, preferably between 8 and 12 mm, especially around 12 millimeters. This range of values is also favorable, in view of good air flow in the chamber 20.
    iii) S82 denotes the surface of the notch 82, namely the air intake surface in the chamber, as well as S21 the surface of diffusion of the drops out of the chamber, this surface S21 being equal to the sum of the surfaces of the various diffusion orifices 21. The ratio (S82 / S21) is greater than 1, in particular greater than 3, in particular than 10. This allows satisfactory flow of air in the chamber, so that it can cause effectively the drops towards the diffusion orifices.
    iv) in FIG. 3, L20 and I20 are noted respectively the greatest length and the greatest width of the chamber 20. The length L20 is between 10 and 500 mm, in particular between 30 and 160 mm, preferably between 30 and 100 mm, in particular close to 90 millimeters, while the width I20 is between 5 and 500 mm, in particular between 16 and 60 mm, preferably between 16 and 30 mm, in particular close to 30 millimeters.
    v) in FIG. 9 we denote D22 the smallest distance, along the horizontal axis, between the focal point PF and the upstream outlet of the diffusion channel 22, adjacent to this focal point. This distance D22 is between 2 and 300 mm, preferably between 5 and 60 mm, in particular between 10 and 30 mm, in particular close to 20 mm. Such a range of distance makes it possible to prevent the drops from falling by gravity, before reaching the channels 22.
    Among the ranges of values i) to iv) above, those i), ii) and v) are very particularly preferred.
    Referring again to Figure 3, the presence of the deflector 43 forces the air, coming from outside the box 151 through the notch 82, to flow above this deflector. Under these conditions, this air does not come into contact with the jet, before it passes through the inlets 44 according to the AIR arrows in this figure 3. This deflector 43 therefore delimits an upstream zone 20 ′ of the nebulization chamber 20 ( see Figures 3 and 9), in which the air and the jet are not in contact.
    However, the presence of the deflector 43 is optional. In this regard, Figures 14 to 16 show an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the nebulization device is devoid of such a deflector. In these Figures 14 to 16, the mechanical elements and the fluid flows, similar to those of Figures 1 to 13, are assigned the same reference numbers. This variant embodiment of the invention has specific advantages, notably linked to constructive simplicity.
    In service, the height of liquid in chamber 20 must be sufficient, so that this liquid at least partially covers the active surface of the piezoelectric element 30. For this purpose, this chamber 20 can be equipped with a sensor, of any type known per se, capable of detecting this height of liquid. When this sensor detects an abnormally low liquid level, it issues an alert so that liquid is added to the tank and / or the device is stopped.
    Alternatively, illustrated in Figures 17 to 24, the device of the invention does not have such a liquid level sensor. With this in mind, this device then comprises measurement means capable of measuring a parameter representative of the current consumed by the piezoelectric element 30, as well as alert means, suitable for being activated in response to said measurement means, when the value instant of said representative parameter is outside a predetermined range. These different means, as well as their implementation, will be described in more detail below.
    FIG. 17 shows the device according to the invention in normal operating conditions, that is to say with a level of liquid called appropriate or optimal Hopt. This figure illustrates the chamber 20, the piezoelectric element 30, the acoustic concentrator 50 and its focal point PF, as well as the US ultrasonic waves emitted in the direction of this acoustic concentrator. The frequency of ultrasound used in the context of the present invention is advantageously between 1.3 MHz and 3 MHz, it can for example be 1.68 MHz.
    In normal operation of the device, the active surface 30 ’of the piezoelectric element is completely covered with liquid and the ultrasound is emitted into the liquid where it impacts against the surface of the acoustic concentrator. The latter is designed so, and the liquid level is adjusted so that the focal point of the ultrasound is slightly below the Hopt liquid level. This ensures a stable spray pattern and maximum generation of mist. In the case of FIG. 17, the operation of the system is optimal. The current consumption of the piezoelectric element is stable and varies linearly depending on the applied voltage. In a functional case given here by way of example, the voltage applied to the excitation card is 12 volts (V), the current required corresponds to 400 milliamps (mA).
    As the device of invention I is used, the liquid level tends to drop in the tank 60, until it reaches the liquid level in the nebulization chamber 20. Then, this level s 'lowers both in the tank and in the chamber, so that the surface of the piezoelectric element 30 is no longer entirely covered by the liquid. In FIG. 18, which illustrates this configuration, there is a level of liquid Hint, said to be intermediate, which is abnormally low: the liquid no longer covers the whole of the active surface 30 ’of the piezoelectric element. We note 30A the immersed part and 30B the non-immersed part of this active surface 30 ’. This has two consequences: first, knowing that the focal point of the acoustic waves is now above the intermediate liquid level Hint, the waves generate a jet of liquid, but little fog. In addition, given the fact that the acoustic impedance of the air is much higher than that of the liquid, the non-submerged part 30B of the active surface emits only a negligible part of the electrical power absorbed in the form d 'ultrasound: the rest is reflected on the surface of the non-submerged part and dissipated in heat.
    The inventors have observed that this heating modifies the electrical consumption of the piezoelectric element, as will be detailed with reference to FIG. 24. More precisely, this heating modifies the absorbed current; this difference amounts to a few percent, but is sufficient to be detected.
    Typically, in a fog system with piezoelectric excitation, the piezoelectric element is supplied by trains of pulses with fixed voltage, these pulses being close to the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric element. When we measure the current absorbed by the piezoelectric element, we see that this current increases with temperature. For example, in a nebulization system with piezoelectric excitation, the piezoelectric element was supplied with a voltage of 12 volts and the absorbed current was 400 mA in normal operation; this current is 440 mA when part of the active surface of the piezoelectric element is not submerged.
    Surprisingly, the inventors have observed that when the non-submerged part of the active surface of the piezoelectric element increases, the absorbed current decreases and goes to a value close to zero in the total absence of liquid (Figure 19). The piezoelectric element cannot emit in air as in liquid, its impedance is therefore limited and its current consumption is much lower than that Iopt in optimal regime as well as that Iint in intermediate regime.
    Figure 24 summarizes the variation of the current consumed I as a function of the height H of liquid in the tank. More precisely, the percentage of the height of the active surface, covered by the liquid, is plotted on the abscissa. The value 0 corresponds to an empty tank (figure 19), the value 100 corresponds to the liquid covering the entire active surface (figure 17), the value 50 corresponds to the liquid covering half the height of the active surface (figure 18).
    When the liquid covers the entire height of the surface, the current consumed has a so-called optimal value Iopt, which is also found when the liquid is present in excess (right part of the curve corresponding to the values 110 and 120). When the liquid level decreases, the value of the current consumed increases slightly, from the optimal value Iopt above to a so-called intermediate value Iint. This value of current consumed is then substantially constant as the liquid level decreases, until it drops substantially to a so-called critical Icrit value corresponding to an empty tank of liquid.
    There are therefore three characteristic values of current consumed as a function of the water level, which correspond to three states of the device: optimal when the liquid level is satisfactory, intermediate when the liquid level is insufficient but that the integrity of the piezoelectric element is not called into question, and finally critical when there is no more liquid in the tank. Typically, Iint is slightly higher than Iopt, by around 10-20%, while Icrit is much lower than Iopt.
    FIG. 20 represents the response consumption current diagram by the piezoelectric element according to the operating modes described above. Each of the curves includes several samples of current consumption values (on the ordinate) as a function of different voltages applied to the piezoelectric element (on the abscissa). Chague curve represents a mode of operation presented as follows:
    The curve made up of squares corresponds to an optimal functioning of the piezoelectric element. This optimal operation corresponds to FIG. 17 when the system includes the height defined above Hopt of liquid entirely covering the piezoelectric element.
    The curve made up of circles corresponds to an intermediate operation of the piezoelectric element. This intermediate operation corresponds to FIG. 18 when the system comprises the height Hint of liquid defined above.
    The curve made up of triangles corresponds to an empty operation as previously described with reference to FIG. 19.
    Each of the curves, representing an operating mode, shows the linearity between the voltage applied across the terminals of the piezoelectric element 30 and the current consumed. It follows that this variation in current consumption as a function of the liquid level cannot be used directly to detect the liquid level: a calibration must be carried out.
    FIG. 21 schematically shows a regulation method which is based on the measurement of the current and the voltage of the piezoelectric element to detect the presence or absence of water and nebulization.
    In the case of a high power electronic circuit where a signal generator supplies the piezoelectric element at a fixed frequency, it is noted that the current at the level of the supply of the circuit varies as a function of the surface fraction of the active surface of the piezoelectric element which is covered with water.
    In a typical embodiment, the piezoelectric element is supplied with direct current (for example at a voltage of 24 V DC), modulated by the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric element. In such a normal operating mode, the active surface of the piezoelectric element is completely covered with liquid; the nebulization works, and the current consumption is stable (typically around 2.3 A for a diameter of the active surface of between about 10 mm and about 20 mm).
    In the case where the active surface of the piezoelectric element is only partially covered with liquid, the inventors have observed a drop in current which is significant and extremely rapid (in less than 100 ms). This drop can be of the order of 30 to 40% of the nominal value of the current absorbed by the piezoelectric element completely covered with liquid (in the example about 2.3 A). These indicators make it possible to react quickly in order to cut the supply to the piezoelectric element or to reduce the electric power supplied by said supply to the piezoelectric element, and / or to trigger a new filling of water. Thus it is possible to return to an operating mode in which the active surface is completely immersed.
    This indicator, which is linked to the drop in current observed, can be correlated with a time measurement in order to estimate the nebulization rate of the system and possibly trigger alarms in the event of a problem due to the filling or proper functioning of the piezoelectric element.
    We describe here as an illustration such a regulatory process. The first three steps are typically implemented during the first use of the device. Indeed, the intrinsic characteristics of the different piezoelectric elements can vary from one device to another. These steps provide access to knowledge of these characteristics.
    1 st step: Calibration of optimal presence of liquid parameters.
    The voltage A is varied from a minimum service value to a maximum service value (for example from 6 V to 12 V), the value of current B is measured and recorded for each voltage. These values will be used as a reference to detect the variation in current during nebulization and to indicate to users the presence or absence of water.
    2 nd step: Calibration of the parameters in the intermediate presence of the liquid.
    The voltage A is varied between the minimum and maximum service values above, the value of the current B is measured and recorded for each voltage. These values will be used as a reference to detect the variation in current during nebulization and to indicate to users the presence or absence of water.
    3 'th step: Calibration of in the absence of liquid parameters.
    The voltage A is varied between the minimum and maximum service values above, the value of the current B is measured and recorded for each voltage. These values will be used as a reference to detect the variation in current during nebulization and to indicate to users the presence or absence of water.
    4 'th step: System Configuration
    The different values of current consumed for each observed voltage are recorded in the piezoelectric control command C. Thus, for each voltage value at which the device can be put into service, the values Iopt., Iint and Icrit are recorded in particular. as defined above.
    In the example indicated above (self-oscillating circuit), when supplied with 12 Volts, the consumption Iopt. Of the piezoelectric element is 400 mA for normal operation. This consumption rises to an Iint value close to 440 mA in operation with a low liquid level, then this current consumption drops to an Icrit value close to 110 mA in the absence of liquid as shown in Figure 3
    5 'th stage: Normal operation.
    The value of the current consumed by the piezoelectric element is measured. This measurement can be continuous or, alternatively, regular measurements can be made at an appropriate frequency. As long as the instantaneous value of this current I does not reach the threshold value as shown in FIG. 24, there is no feedback. In other words, there is no need to add liquid to the tank.
    6 'th step: Water-
    The regulation system C makes it possible to control the solenoid valve E ensuring the filling of the tank R when the current consumption of the piezoelectric 30 becomes excessive. More precisely, when the measured instantaneous value of consumed current reaches the threshold value Iint defined above, the regulation system triggers an alert which is directed towards the solenoid valve E. The latter then controls the arrival of additional liquid in the tank, which has the effect of lowering the value of current consumed. The device regains an optimal configuration, as defined above, so that the water supply is then stopped.
    Alternatively, the alert triggered by the regulation system may not be transmitted to a solenoid valve, but to a signaling device. The latter then emits a signal perceptible by the user, in particular of a visual and / or audio type. The addition of liquid to the tank is, in this case, ensured directly by the user and not by a mechanical element of the device.
    7 'th step: low water Communication and stop
    The regulation system C is able to stop the piezoelectric to limit the breakage of the latter when it detects a low current consumption by the piezoelectric element 30.
    More precisely, when the instantaneous measured value of consumed current reaches the threshold value Icrit defined above, the regulation system triggers an alert which is directed to means for automatically cutting off the piezoelectric element. This ensures the mechanical integrity of this element, which would be jeopardized if this situation of lack of water were to continue.
    Alternatively, the alert triggered by the regulation system may not be transmitted to cut-off means, but to a signaling device. The latter then emits a signal perceptible by the user, in particular of a visual and / or audio type. In this case, the piezoelectric element is stopped directly by the user and not by a mechanical element of the device.
    As described above, in the sixth and seventh steps, both the need for water supply and the need to cut the piezoelectric element can be served directly to the user. In the case, two different signals are advantageously provided, respectively for the water requirement and the stopping of the piezoelectric element. Two different signaling devices can be used or, alternatively, a single device capable of emitting two different signals.
    Figure 22 implements an electronic assembly. The control of the assembly is carried out by a card 190 whose power is supplied remotely by a power supply module 180. The DC voltage supplied can be between 6 and 40 Volts. This card is built around the microcontroller 200 allowing the application management of the steps set out above. This microcontroller 200 also manages the connectivity of the input / output modules.
    This card includes an on / off analog input module 210 and an output module 220. These assemblies make it possible to control the water supply to the receptacle in the event of an intermediate or empty level or to control the information signal allowing to warn the user of the need to fill the tank supplying the receptacle.
    A sub-assembly 230 is present to constitute the piezoelectric control, which makes it possible to define the excitation frequency, the voltage, the duty cycle. This module also makes it possible to obtain information on the current consumed 260 as well as the temperature 270 of the piezoelectric 20.
    The last module 240 of this card 190 is the piezoelectric control and command element. This module is the interface for sending the electrical voltage signal enabling the piezoelectric 20 to be excited and in return for obtaining the temperature and / or the voltage of said element 20.
    This advantageous embodiment of the invention, relating to the absence of a water level sensor, is illustrated below by an example which, however, does not limit its scope. This example relates to an implementation of the piezoelectric power control module.
    To carry out the regulation process, a person skilled in the art needs to understand the technical aspect linked to module 240 of FIG. 22.
    In FIG. 23, the card 100 is constructed around the microcontroller, which has the role of managing the signal generator and subsequently the piezoelectric control. The card 100 also has a 12V switching regulator for controlling the transistor via the driver 120, and a 5V linear regulator for adapting the input control signal.
    The principle of the driver 120 is to be able to supply for a short instant the large current necessary for the switching of the transistor 130 at high frequencies. During the edges of the control signal, the inrush current of the control of the transistor 130 is very large, and providing sufficient current allows rapid switching, limiting the transient states causing heating of the transistor 130.
    To be able to quickly supply a large current, the transistor driver 120 uses several capacitors in parallel upstream of the component. The transistor control voltage is fixed at 12V, thus minimizing the effect of its Ron characteristic and therefore heating the component.
    The excitation frequency of the piezoelectric 30 is generated by the component 110, which produces a square signal of programmable frequency (by default 1.7 MHz). The impedance matching circuit 140 of the piezoelectric 30 consists of a coil and a capacitor in series with a capacitor in parallel on the output. This component is controlled by the microprocessor.
    The relationship between the values of these components (L and C) is a very important factor in the behavior of an LC circuit and are chosen taking into account the impedance of the piezoelectric element (in water) and its resonant frequency, and which will subsequently set its average current consumption.
    The result is a stable and constant sinusoidal signal as a function of time at the terminals of the piezoelectric element suitable for optimal operation in water. (The peak / peak voltage / current values must not exceed the maximum limit of the piezoelectric element).
    f 0 = - =
    2m / IC fO: the resonant frequency.
    L: the value of the coil.
    C: the value of the capacitor.
    By way of nonlimiting example, with the following values: L = 5.8 μΗ and C = 2.2 nF, we arrive at a value of fO of approximately 1.4 MHz.
    For waterless operation, the impedance value of the piezoelectric element will change and introduce an electrical impedance mismatch to the entire circuit and will subsequently change its current consumption.
    The piezoelectric 30 is controlled by a transistor 130, having an excellent ratio of control load and resistance in the on state, and a very fast response time allowing it to operate at high frequency (1.7 MHz), making it possible to have the both a quality signal and a moderate temperature rise.
    To ensure the fastest possible switching and therefore limit heating of the transistor, which is very important during the transition phases, a control driver 120 capable of delivering up to 2 × 5A is placed upstream.
    The current measurements 150 are carried out using a shunt resistor of low value, between 0.01 and 0.1 ohm depending on the current consumed, and a component of voltmeter type measuring the potential difference across the resistor and multiplying by 10 (ten) the result in order to have a more readable value for the microcontroller.
    The microcontroller thereafter will compare the values of current drawn in order to define the operating state of the piezoelectric. This state will validate the process step.
    In the paragraphs immediately above, an implementation of the device of the invention has been described, which does not use a liquid level sensor. This implementation is preferred, in particular for reasons of cost, reliability and size. Figures 25 and 26 illustrate an advantageous structure of the device of the invention, which is in particular well suited for such an implementation in a liquid level sensor.
    The device of Figures 25 and 26 differs from that shown in Figures 4 and 7, in particular in that the bottom of the tank has an altitude greater than that of the bottom of the chamber. For this purpose, the tank has a base 60 ’, formed by a certain thickness of material. The upper face of this base 60 ′ defines the bottom of the tank, which is denoted 61 ′ in FIGS. 25 and 26. In addition, 20 ′ denotes the bottom of the spray chamber 20, as well as H60 the difference in altitudes between these two funds 20 'and 60'. H60 corresponds, in other words, to the height of the bottom 60 ’if we assume that the bottom 20’ is at zero height. Typically, this height H60 is between 5 and 15 mm. If we note H30 the height of the piezoelectric element, H60 is typically between 150% and 300% of H30.
    The embodiment of Figures 25 and 26 has specific advantages. As seen above, when the liquid level drops in the chamber 20, the non-submerged surface of the piezoelectric element 30 tends to increase until the control means cut off the supply of this element 30. Now, the bottom 60 ′ is typically located at an altitude corresponding to the level of liquid in the chamber, during this cut-off. Under these conditions, when the device of the invention was stopped, substantially all of the liquid initially present in the tank was admitted into the chamber, in order to be diffused. Therefore, any substantial loss of liquid is avoided. In addition, there is practically no residual liquid remaining in the tank at the time of this stop, which facilitates cleaning. The overall hygiene of the device is also improved, since any presence of stagnant liquid is practically eliminated.
    FIGS. 27 to 29 illustrate different means for controlling the level of liquid present in the tank 60. In FIG. 27, these control means are of the visual type. For this purpose, one of the side walls of the cover 101, in this case that 107, is made at least partially from a transparent material. Furthermore, this transparent wall 107 is identified by means of two lines, one of which 122 corresponds to the minimum admissible level in the tank, and the other of which corresponds to the maximum admissible level in the tank. In this way, a user can identify the instantaneous liquid level through the wall 107 and, if necessary, add liquid if this level is below the low line 122, or close to it. On the other hand, if the liquid level is close to the high line 123, the user is informed that it is not necessary to fill the tank in the medium term. Finally, if the liquid level is above the high line 123, the user is informed that the tank is in the overflow state. In this case the overflow of water can be evacuated by an optional pipe, towards a buffer tank or drain.
    In FIGS. 28 and 29, these means for controlling the liquid level are of the mechanical type. The interior volume of the tank 60 receives a vertical guide stud 124, integral with the base or the cover. This stud receives an annular valve 126, which is therefore integral with this stud in horizontal translation, but has a degree of freedom in vertical translation. This valve is mounted floating on the liquid, namely that its altitude varies with the level of liquid. The upper face of this valve 126 is equipped with a peripheral seal 127, of any suitable type, capable of bearing against a peripheral flange 128 opposite, carried by the wall 102, which protrudes below the hatch 121.
    The valve 126 is movable between two functional positions, namely firstly a free filling position illustrated in FIG. 28. In this position, the level of liquid in the tank is below its maximum admissible value. The seal 127 is spaced from the rim 128, so that the hatch 120 can be opened by the user, so that the latter adds liquid to the tank 60.
    FIG. 29 illustrates the second functional position of the valve 126, which is a closed, or prohibited filling, position. In this position the level of liquid, which is much higher than that of FIG. 28, is equal to the maximum admissible value, mentioned above. Under these conditions, the seal 127 bears against the flange 128, so that the hatch 121 can no longer be opened by the user and / or that the latter can no longer add liquid to the tank 60.
    In a particular embodiment of the invention, the tank 60 includes a disinfection system, not shown, which can in particular be:
    - or an ultra-violet (UV) light source capable of at least partially disinfecting the liquid L which it contains; the operation of this UV light source can be permanent or intermittent. Preferably, this light source, typically a lamp or UV LED, is located in the nebulization chamber as close as possible to the generation of the fog;
    - or a heating resistor capable of temporarily heating the water to a temperature sufficient to disinfect it, for example by thermal shock.
    In the examples described and shown in Figures 1 to 29, the nebulization device comprises an acoustic reflection member. However, the invention also finds its application to a nebulization device which does not have such an organ. In this respect, different variants are illustrated in FIGS. 30 to 33. In these figures, the mechanical elements, similar to those of FIGS. 1 to 29, are assigned to them the same reference numbers increased respectively by 400, 500, 600 and 700.
    In FIG. 30, the bottom of the nebulization chamber 420 has, in its upstream part with reference to the air flow, an inclined wall 432 whose angle a432 is typically between 15 ° and 70 °. This wall 432 allows the attachment of a piezoelectric element 430, which is said to be “focused”. To this end, in a manner known per se, its active face 430 ′ has a concave shape. The embodiment of FIG. 31 differs from that of FIG. 30, in that the piezoelectric element 530 is fixed on the bottom 501A of the chamber 520. The embodiments of FIGS. 30 and 31 are advantageous, in what they allow to focus the acoustic waves at the point PF, while eliminating the use of a concentrator. The number of components is reduced, which is particularly advantageous in economic terms.
    The embodiments of FIGS. 32 and 33 are analogous respectively to those of the embodiments of FIGS. 30 and 31, as regards the fixing of the piezoelectric element 630 or 730 to the walls of the chamber 620 or 720. However, the active face of these piezoelectric elements 630 and 730 is not curved, so that the acoustic waves which they produce are not focused. Consequently, the device in FIGS. 32 and 33 is of the acoustic fountain generator type. It is well suited to an environment which does not require very high nebulization performance, while being particularly advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost and simplicity of operation.
    The embodiments of FIGS. 32 and 33 do not include the characteristic v) mentioned above, relating to the positioning of the focal point. These embodiments advantageously include the ranges of values i) to iv) above, those i) and ii) being very particularly preferred.
    In the examples described and shown, the air and the jet of droplets flow in service in the same direction, that is to say co-current, from the means of arrival towards the means of diffusion. As a variant, it is possible to provide for the air and the jet of droplets to flow against the current, or even at cross currents.
    The device according to the invention is characterized in particular by its low height, less than 100 millimeters, in particular to 50 millimeters, preferably to 30 millimeters. This allows it to be installed in systems that do not offer significant height, such as a structural part or a cladding part. By way of nonlimiting examples, we will cite:
    - the double wall of a maturation cellar, for example for cheeses, meats, leathers, or a refrigerated display case for humidity control;
    - the upper casing of a refrigeration and / or humidification enclosure for fresh products, of the container, tank, fresh product storage cabinet or even cold room;
    - the trim of the ceiling of the passenger compartment of a vehicle, in particular a car, bus or plane, in order to cool the passengers;
    - a false ceiling used in mechanical engineering;
    - a ceiling or shelving for a transport container.
    In other embodiments, a hygrometric probe is provided which measures the humidity level in the volume of air conditioned by the device according to the invention; a feedback loop makes it possible to regulate the intensity and / or the intermittence of the mist jet produced by the device so as to obtain in said volume of conditioned air a controlled humidity rate, preferably constant, and preferably adjustable through an adjusting member.
    In another embodiment, said liquid comprises a disinfectant product, so that the spray of mist is capable of at least partially disinfecting said volume of air and possibly the walls which confine it.
    In yet another embodiment, said liquid comprises a fragrance or an so-called essential oil, or another odorous product, so that the jet of mist is capable of diffusing into said volume of air a specific odor.
    All the embodiments presented in this description can be combined with one another.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Nebulization device (I) capable of generating a mist (BR) of droplets of a liquid from a liquid (L), said device comprising:
    - a tank (60) for receiving said liquid,
    - a piezoelectric element (30) capable of emitting acoustic waves in said liquid (L),
    - a nebulization chamber (20) comprising means (82) for admitting air into this chamber means for generating said mist of droplets (J) at least one channel (22) for diffusing mist outside said device (1 ), having a downstream diffusion orifice (21), said device further comprising at least one of the following characteristics i) to iv):
    i) the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 millimeters, more preferably between 4 and 10 millimeters, in particular close to 6 millimeters;
    ii) the height (H23) of the drop diffusion conduit, connecting the intake means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 2 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 4 and 20 millimeters, again of preferably between 8 and 12 millimeters, in particular around 12 millimeters;
    iii) the ratio (S82 / S21), between the air intake surface in the chamber and the sum of the surfaces of the various diffusion orifices (21), is greater than 1, in particular greater than 3, preferably greater than 10;
    iv) the length (L20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 10 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 30 and 160 millimeters, more preferably between 30 and 100 millimeters, especially close to 90 millimeters, while the width (I20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 5 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 16 and 60 millimeters, more preferably between 16 and 30 millimeters, in particular close to 30 millimeters.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least the following two characteristics i) and ii):
    i) the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 millimeters, more preferably between 4 and 10 millimeters, in particular close to 6 millimeters;
    ii) the height (H23) of the drop diffusion conduit, connecting the intake means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 2 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 4 and 20 millimeters, again of preferably between 8 and 12 millimeters, in particular around 12 millimeters.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the following four characteristics i) to iv):
    i) the section (d21) of each diffusion orifice (21) is between 2 and 50 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 15 millimeters, more preferably between 4 and 10 millimeters, in particular close to 6 millimeters;
    ii) the height (H23) of the drop diffusion conduit, connecting the intake means (82) and the diffusion channels (22), is between 2 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 4 and 20 millimeters, again of preferably between 8 and 12 millimeters, in particular around 12 millimeters;
    iii) the ratio (S82 / S21), between the air intake surface in the chamber and the sum of the surfaces of the various diffusion orifices (21), is greater than 1, in particular greater than 3, preferably greater than 10;
    iv) the length (L20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 10 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 30 and 160 millimeters, more preferably between 30 and 100 millimeters, especially close to 90 millimeters, while the width (I20) of the nebulization chamber (20) is between 5 and 500 millimeters, preferably between 16 and 60 millimeters, preferably between 16 and 30 millimeters, in particular close to 30 millimeters.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means (50; 430 '; 530') for focusing the acoustic waves emitted by said piezoelectric element (30) on a focal area (PF) to create a jet of said mist of droplets (J).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises the following characteristic v):
    v) the smallest distance (D22), along the horizontal axis, between the focal zone (PF) and the upstream outlet of the diffusion channel (22), adjacent to this focal point, is between 2 and 300 millimeters, in particular between 5 and 60 millimeters, preferably between 10 and 30 millimeters, in particular close to 20 millimeters.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the focusing means comprise an acoustic reflection member (50) comprising an acoustic reflection surface (51) intended to be immersed in said liquid (L), this surface being able to focus said acoustic waves.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Device according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the focusing means comprise a curved active surface (430 ’; 530’) of the piezoelectric element (430; 530).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom (20j of the nebulization chamber (20) is located at an altitude greater than that of the bottom (60 ') of the tank (60) for receiving said liquid.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a box (151) substantially closed, said tank and said nebulization chamber being formed in this box, and in addition a range (111), located at outside the box, this area being equipped with at least one auxiliary member, in particular a fan (131) and / or an electronic control card (141), fixed on said area, in particular in a removable manner.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a veil (10) for separation between the tank and the nebulization chamber, this veil having a passage (11), allowing the flow of the liquid from the tank to the nebulization chamber, and in that the tank forms a zone of accumulation (60A) of liquid by gravity, located opposite the passage (11).
    306 ^ 503
    131 110
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3600690A1|2020-02-05|
    DE202018006306U1|2019-12-16|
    WO2018178539A1|2018-10-04|
    DE202018006308U1|2019-12-16|
    DE202018006305U1|2019-12-16|
    DE202018001633U1|2018-07-02|
    FR3064502A1|2018-10-05|
    DE202018001632U1|2018-06-29|
    DE202018001634U1|2018-06-29|
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    法律状态:
    2018-10-05| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20181005 |
    2020-03-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1752545A|FR3064502A1|2017-03-28|2017-03-28|COMPACT NEBULIZATION DEVICE AND NEBULIZATION ASSEMBLY COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE|
    FR1752545|2017-03-28|DE202018006306.1U| DE202018006306U1|2017-03-28|2018-03-20|Compact sputtering device and sputtering assembly comprising such a device|
    PCT/FR2018/050664| WO2018178539A1|2017-03-28|2018-03-20|Compact vaporising device, and vaporising assembly comprising such a device|
    DE202018006305.3U| DE202018006305U1|2017-03-28|2018-03-20|Compact sputtering device and sputtering assembly comprising such a device|
    DE202018006308.8U| DE202018006308U1|2017-03-28|2018-03-20|Compact sputtering device and sputtering assembly comprising such a device|
    EP18715896.9A| EP3600690A1|2017-03-28|2018-03-20|Compact vaporising device, and vaporising assembly comprising such a device|
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